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PA Driver Die — Congestion-Aware Legalization Analysis

v2 vs v3 Comparison

Metricv2 (no congestion)v3 (congestion-aware)
Overflowed cells16 / 1102 / 110
Total overflow (tracks)15.5~2
Peak cell overflow2.4 tracks1.33 tracks
Wirelength (WL)272.1317.1

What Changed

v3 adds a congEnergy(x, z) term to the SA legalization energy function. The 10×11 gcell grid (each ~1×1 mm²) estimates per-cell routing demand via HPWL bounding-box spreading of each net, weighted by net priority (RF signal chain w=3, bias w=1.5, bypass w=1). Overflow² is penalized with weight CONG_GAMMA = 1.8.

SA now actively moves components away from routing hotspots instead of only resolving geometric overlaps and MI keep-out violations.

Tradeoff: Congestion vs Wirelength

WL increased ~17% (272 → 317). This is the classic congestion-vs-wirelength tradeoff: SA pushes components out of congested corridors, which lengthens some nets. CONG_GAMMA controls this balance — higher values prioritize congestion reduction at the cost of longer wires.

Remaining Issue

Peak overflow = 1.33 tracks means the hottest gcell still exceeds capacity by 1.33 routing tracks. In practice, ≤1.0 is considered clean (routable without detours). This is likely in the RF signal chain corridor (Lin → M1 → M2 → Linter) where multiple w=3 nets converge.

Tuning Options

KnobCurrentSuggestedEffect
CONG_GAMMA1.82.5Stronger congestion avoidance; WL rises further
CONG_CAP_INNER4.03.5More conservative capacity estimate; forces earlier spreading
CONG_CAP_EDGE2.52.0Tighter edge-cell budget; keeps components away from pad ring
SA_ITERS_PER_CYCLE6080More SA budget per reheat cycle; may resolve last 2 cells

Grid Parameters

  • Grid: 10 columns × 11 rows covering die area (−5.0 to +5.0 in X, −5.4 to +5.4 in Z)
  • Cell size: 1.0 mm × 0.98 mm
  • Inner cell capacity: 4.0 tracks (Top Au + M2 + M1 interleaved)
  • Edge cell capacity: 2.5 tracks (reduced due to pad ring and die seal)
  • Demand model: HPWL bbox with √N normalization + pin-density contribution per component
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    PA Driver Die Congestion Analysis: v2 vs v3 Comparison | Claude