REV 1: "Declaring that the Treaty is the cornerstone of the global disarmament and nuclear-nonproliferation regime, a key instrument for fostering the peaceful uses of nuclear energy, and integral to international peace and security,"
REV 2: "Declaring that the Treaty is the cornerstone of the global nuclear disarmament and nonproliferation regime, a key instrument for promoting the peaceful uses of nuclear energy, and integral to international peace and security,"
CHANGES:
REV 2 ONLY: "Recognizing the value of the Treaty and its historic achievements for more than five decades, and resolving to seek a safer world for all and to achieve the peace and security of a world without nuclear weapons, in accordance with the objectives and purpose of the Treaty."
CHANGES:
REV 1: "Reaffirming the obligation of all States at all times to comply with applicable international law, in particular the Charter of the United Nations, including Article 2(4) on the use or threat of use of force, and international humanitarian law,"
REV 2: "Reaffirming the obligation of all States at all times to comply with applicable international law, in particular the Charter of the United Nations and international humanitarian law."
CHANGES:
REV 1: "Reaffirming that the total elimination of nuclear weapons is the only absolute guarantee against the use or threat of use of nuclear weapons, and recalling the unequivocal undertaking by the nuclear-weapon States to accomplish the total elimination of their nuclear arsenals leading to nuclear disarmament, to which all States Parties are committed under Article VI,"
REV 2: "Reaffirming that the total elimination of nuclear weapons is the only absolute guarantee against the use or threat of use of nuclear weapons, recalling the unequivocal undertaking by the nuclear-weapon States to accomplish the total elimination of their nuclear arsenals leading to nuclear disarmament and affirming that the urgent implementation of Article VI is essential to the credibility and strength of the Treaty,"
CHANGES:
REV 1: "Convinced that the urgent, full, effective, non-discriminatory and balanced implementation of the Treaty in all its aspects by all States Parties is essential to the integrity and credibility of the Treaty, and noting the importance of pursuing policies that are fully compatible with the Treaty,"
REV 2: "Convinced that the urgent, full, effective, non-discriminatory and balanced implementation of the Treaty in all its aspects by all States Parties is essential to the integrity and credibility of the Treaty, and committing to pursue policies that are fully compatible with the Treaty,"
CHANGES:
REV 1: "Determined that all States parties should exert all efforts to promote universal adherence to the Treaty, to comply fully with the Treaty and not to take any action that can affect negatively prospects for the universality of the Treaty,"
REV 2: "Determined that all States parties should exert all efforts to promote universal adherence to the Treaty, and not to take any action that can affect negatively prospects for its universality,"
CHANGES:
REV 1 had (xi) and (xii) as separate paragraphs on indefinite extension and nuclear testing norm.
REV 2 reorganizes these:
(x) - Indefinite Extension (was xi in Rev 1): "Emphasizing that the indefinite extension of the Treaty does not constitute an endorsement of the indefinite possession of nuclear weapons,"
CHANGES:
(xi) - Nuclear Testing Norm (was xii in Rev 1): "Underscoring the need to uphold and strengthen the norm against nuclear testing,"
CHANGES:
(xii) - Irreversibility, Verifiability, Transparency (NEW in Rev 2) "Reaffirming States parties' commitment to apply the mutually reinforcing principles of irreversibility, verifiability and transparency, and underscoring the importance of the nuclear-weapon States' application of these principles in the implementation of their Article VI obligations and nuclear disarmament-related commitments under the Treaty"
CHANGES:
REV 1 (xi): "Recognizing the need for compliance by States parties with their non-proliferation obligations under the Treaty and the importance of addressing all non-compliance matters in order to uphold the Treaty's integrity, through diplomatic means, in accordance with international law and the Charter of the United Nations,"
REV 2 (xiii): "Recognizing the need for compliance by States parties with their non-proliferation obligations under the Treaty and the importance of addressing all non-compliance matters in order to uphold the Treaty's integrity, through peaceful means, in accordance with international law, including the Charter of the United Nations,"
CHANGES:
REV 1: "Acknowledging the expanding role of and need for nuclear science and technology and its contribution to bettering the lives and livelihoods of all peoples,"
REV 2: "Acknowledging the expanding role of and growing demand for nuclear science and technology and its contribution to bettering the lives and livelihoods of all peoples, and the importance of mobilizing adequate and diverse financing for this purpose"
CHANGES:
REV 1: "Emphasizing that the safeguards of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) are a fundamental component of the nuclear non-proliferation regime, are essential for peaceful nuclear commerce and cooperation and that IAEA safeguards make a vital contribution to the environment for peaceful nuclear development and international cooperation in the peaceful uses of nuclear energy,"
REV 2: "Emphasizing that the safeguards of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) are a fundamental component of the nuclear non-proliferation regime, play an indispensable role in the implementation of the Treaty and help to create an environment conducive to nuclear cooperation,"
CHANGES:
REV 1: "The Conference reaffirms that the full, effective, non-discriminatory and balanced implementation of Articles I and II of the Treaty remains essential to the effectiveness of the Treaty and plays a vital role in promoting and preserving international peace and security."
REV 2: "The Conference reaffirms that the full, effective and non-discriminatory implementation of Articles I and II of the Treaty remains essential to the effectiveness of the Treaty and plays a vital role in promoting and preserving international peace and security."
CHANGES:
REV 1: "The Conference notes ongoing discussion regarding longstanding and evolving nuclear weapons sharing and extended deterrence arrangements, including in relation to non-proliferation and the Treaty's long-term effectiveness. The Conference emphasizes that sustained dialogue on issues relevant to the implementation of Articles I and II can contribute to strengthening the Treaty and its credibility, enhancing confidence, and advancing its objectives."
REV 2: "The Conference notes ongoing discussion regarding existing and evolving nuclear sharing and extended deterrence arrangements, including in relation to non-proliferation and the Treaty's long-term effectiveness. The Conference emphasizes that sustained dialogue on issues relevant to the implementation of Articles I and II can contribute to strengthening the Treaty and its credibility, enhancing confidence, and advancing its objectives."
CHANGES:
REV 1: "The Conference underscores the importance of compliance by States parties with the non-proliferation obligations of the Treaty and the importance of addressing all non-compliance matters in order to uphold the Treaty's integrity. The Conference emphasizes that concerns regarding compliance with obligations under the Treaty by any State party should be resolved exclusively through political and diplomatic means, in accordance with the provisions of the Treaty and the Charter of the United Nations."
REV 2: "The Conference underscores the importance of compliance by States parties with the non-proliferation obligations of the Treaty and the importance of addressing all non-compliance matters in order to uphold the Treaty's integrity. The Conference emphasizes that concerns regarding non-compliance with obligations under the Treaty by any State party should be resolved through peaceful means, in accordance with the provisions of the Treaty and the Charter of the United Nations."
CHANGES:
REV 1: "The Conference emphasizes that the safeguards of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) are a fundamental component of the nuclear non-proliferation regime and play an indispensable role in the implementation of the Treaty and help to create an environment conducive to nuclear cooperation. The Conference reaffirms that safeguards should be implemented in a manner consistent with article III, paragraph 3 of the Treaty."
REV 2: "The Conference emphasizes that the safeguards of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) are a fundamental component of the nuclear non-proliferation regime and play an indispensable role in the implementation of the Treaty and help to create an environment conducive to nuclear cooperation. The Conference reaffirms that safeguards should be implemented in a manner consistent with article III, paragraph 3 and article IV of the Treaty."
CHANGES:
REV 1: "The Conference underscores the importance of compliance by States parties with the non-proliferation obligations of the Treaty and the importance of addressing all cases of non-compliance with safeguards obligations in a timely manner and in full conformity with the Statute of IAEA and the parties' respective legal obligations. States parties that have concerns regarding compliance with safeguards obligations should be directed, together with supporting information, to IAEA for consideration and decision on necessary actions in accordance with its mandate."
REV 2: "The Conference underscores the importance of compliance by States parties with the non-proliferation obligations of the Treaty and the importance of addressing all cases of non-compliance with safeguards obligations in a timely manner and in full conformity with the Statute of IAEA and the parties' respective legal obligations. States parties that have concerns regarding non-compliance with safeguards obligations should direct such concerns, together with supporting information, to IAEA to consider and decide on necessary actions in accordance with its mandate."
CHANGES:
REV 1: "The Conference expresses its concern regarding unresolved outstanding safeguards issues and non-compliance with obligations under safeguards agreements. In this context, the Conference stresses its support for a diplomatic solution to resolve concerns regarding Iran's nuclear programme and encourages all parties to engage constructively for this purpose. The Conference emphasizes that the full and effective implementation of Iran's Safeguards Agreement, including full and timely cooperation with the IAEA regarding undeclared nuclear material and activities at multiple undeclared locations, is indispensable to restoring confidence in the peaceful nature of its nuclear programme."
REV 2: "The Conference expresses its serious concern regarding unresolved non-compliance with safeguards obligations and its repercussions for the non-proliferation regime."
CHANGES:
REV 2 ONLY: "In this context, the Conference stresses its support for a diplomatic solution to resolve concerns regarding Iran's nuclear programme and encourages all parties to engage constructively for this purpose. The Conference emphasizes that the full and effective implementation of Iran's Safeguards Agreement, including full and timely cooperation with the IAEA regarding undeclared nuclear material and activities at multiple undeclared locations, is indispensable to restoring confidence in the peaceful nature of its nuclear programme."
CHANGES:
REV 1: "The Conference welcomes the conclusion of comprehensive safeguards agreements by six States parties to the Treaty since the last Review Conference and urges the remaining State party having yet to do to conclude such an agreement. The Conference notes that the universalization of the comprehensive safeguards agreements among non-nuclear-weapon States parties would constitute an important milestone in the implementation of the Treaty."
REV 2: "The Conference recalls the central importance of comprehensive safeguards agreements based on INFCIRC/153 (Corrected), which are legally required under article III, paragraph 1 of the Treaty. The Conference reaffirms that the implementation of comprehensive safeguards agreements should be designed to provide for verification by IAEA of the correctness and completeness of a State's declaration so that there is credible assurance of the non-diversion of nuclear material from declared activities and of the absence of undeclared nuclear material and activities. The Conference recognizes that comprehensive safeguards agreements based on INFCIRC/153 (Corrected) have been successful in their main focus of providing assurance regarding declared nuclear material and have also provided a limited level of assurance regarding the absence of undeclared nuclear material and activities."
CHANGES:
REV 1 (Para 10): "The Conference welcomes the conclusion of comprehensive safeguards agreements by six States parties to the Treaty since the last Review Conference and urges the remaining State party having yet to do to conclude such an agreement. The Conference notes that the universalization of the comprehensive safeguards agreements among non-nuclear-weapon States parties would constitute an important milestone in the implementation of the Treaty."
REV 2 (Para 11): "Bearing in mind the importance of achieving the universal application of IAEA safeguards, the Conference welcomes the conclusion of comprehensive safeguards agreements by six States parties to the Treaty since the last Review Conference. The Conference urges the remaining State party having yet to do so to conclude such an agreement as soon as possible and without further delay, noting that this would constitute an important milestone in the implementation of the Treaty."
CHANGES:
REV 1 (Para 11): "The Conference notes that the decision to conclude an additional protocol remains a voluntary, sovereign decision of each State and that, once in force, an additional protocol constitutes a legal obligation. The Conference notes that implementation of the measures contained in the Model Additional Protocol (INFCIRC/540 (Corrected)) equips IAEA with broader information and access, enabling it to provide increased assurances regarding the absence of undeclared nuclear material and activities in a State with a comprehensive safeguards agreement as a whole. The Conference notes that in the case of a non-nuclear-weapon State party with a comprehensive safeguards agreement supplemented by an additional protocol in force, the measures contained in both instruments represent the enhanced verification standard for that State."
REV 2 (Para 12): "The Conference stresses the importance of the Model Additional Protocol (INFCIRC/540 (Corrected)) approved by the Board of Governors aimed at strengthening the effectiveness and improving the efficiency of IAEA safeguards. The Conference notes that additional protocols are very important instruments for enhancing IAEA's ability to derive safeguards conclusions regarding the absence of undeclared nuclear material and activities, and that in the case of a non-nuclear-weapon State party with a comprehensive safeguards agreement supplemented by an additional protocol in force, the measures contained in both instruments represent the enhanced verification standard for that State."
CHANGES:
REV 1 (Para 12): "The Conference encourages all States parties which have not yet done so to conclude and to bring into force additional protocols as soon as possible and to implement them provisionally pending their entry into force."
REV 2 (Para 13): "Bearing in mind that it is the voluntary, sovereign decision of any State to conclude an additional protocol, but once in force, the additional protocol is a legal obligation, the Conference encourages all States which have not yet done so to conclude and to bring into force additional protocols as soon as possible and to implement them provisionally pending their entry into force in conformity with their national legislation."
CHANGES:
REV 1 (Para 18): "The Conference recognizes that responsibility for nuclear security within a State rests entirely with that State. The Conference notes that effective nuclear security, including the physical protection of nuclear material and nuclear facilities, supports the objectives of the Treaty."
REV 2 (Para 19): "The Conference recognizes that responsibility for nuclear security within a State rests entirely with that State. The Conference notes the paramount importance of effective physical protection of all nuclear material and facilities and the need for strengthened international cooperation in physical protection. The Conference emphasizes the important role of IAEA in fostering international cooperation in nuclear security in establishing a comprehensive set of nuclear security guidelines, and in assisting Member States, upon request, in their efforts to enhance nuclear security."
CHANGES:
REV 1 (Para 20): "The Conference reaffirms that requiring IAEA safeguards in connection with exports of certain equipment or material especially designed or prepared for the processing, use, or production of special fissionable material supports the implementation of article III, paragraph 2 of the Treaty. The Conference highlights the aim of export controls to ensure that nuclear trade for peaceful purposes does not contribute to the proliferation of nuclear weapons or other nuclear explosive devices."
REV 2 (Para 21): "The Conference reaffirms that requiring IAEA safeguards in connection with exports of certain equipment or material especially designed or prepared for the processing, use, or production of special fissionable material supports the implementation of article III, paragraph 2 of the Treaty. The Conference highlights the aim of export controls to ensure that nuclear trade for peaceful purposes does not contribute to the proliferation of nuclear weapons or other nuclear explosive devices. The Conference encourages States parties to make use of multilateral guidelines and understandings in developing their own national export controls."
CHANGES:
REV 1: "The Conference notes the growing interest among States parties in the potential contribution of nuclear power in meeting the increasing global demand for electricity, enhancing energy security, and facilitating the transition to a low-emission economy. In this regard, the Conference also notes the growing interest in related technologies and innovations, including advanced reactors, small modular reactors and large-capacity power reactors, including through the International Project on Innovative Nuclear Reactors and Fuel Cycles (INPRO)."
REV 2: "The Conference notes the growing interest among States parties in the potential contribution of nuclear power in meeting the increasing global demand for electricity, enhancing energy security, and facilitating the transition to a low-emission economy. In this regard, the Conference also notes the growing interest in related technologies and innovations, including advanced reactors, small modular reactors and large-capacity power reactors, and further reiterate the role of IAEA in this regard through the technical cooperation programme as well as other activities, including through the International Project on Innovative Nuclear Reactors and Fuel Cycles (INPRO)."
CHANGES:
REV 1: "The Conference reaffirms that, when developing nuclear energy, including nuclear power, the use of nuclear energy must be accompanied by commitments to and the ongoing implementation of safeguards as well as the highest levels of safety and security, consistent with States parties' national legislation and respective international obligations."
REV 2: "The Conference reaffirms that, when developing nuclear energy, including nuclear power, the use of nuclear energy must be accompanied by commitments to and the ongoing implementation of safeguards as well as the highest standards of safety and security, consistent with States parties' national legislation and respective international obligations."
CHANGES:
REV 1: "The Conference stresses the need for facilitating the highest levels of nuclear safety and security in the deployment of new and emerging nuclear technologies globally. The Conference notes that the development of advanced reactors, as well as small modular reactors, for those who may wish to use them, should be done in a safe, secure and safeguarded manner and underlines the important role of IAEA in this field. The Conference notes, in this regard, the IAEA's Nuclear Harmonization and Standardization Initiative and the IAEA Platform on Small Modular Reactors and their Applications."
REV 2: "The Conference stresses the need for facilitating the highest standards of nuclear safety and security in the deployment of new and emerging nuclear technologies globally. The Conference notes that the development of advanced reactors, as well as small modular reactors, for those who may wish to use them, should be done in a s afe, secure and safeguarded manner consistent with States parties' national legislation and respective international obligations and underlines the important role of IAEA in this field. The Conference notes, in this regard, the IAEA's Nuclear Harmonization and Standardization Initiative and the IAEA Platform on Small Modular Reactors and their Applications."
CHANGES:
REV 1: "The Conference expresses grave concerns over any attack or threat of attack against nuclear facilities devoted to peaceful purposes, which could pose a great danger to human lives and the environment and raises serious concerns regarding the application of international law. The Conference notes the relevant IAEA General Conference resolutions and decision on this matter and strongly urges all States parties to refrain from attacks or threats of attack on such facilities."
REV 2: "The Conference expresses grave concerns over any attack or threat of attack against nuclear facilities devoted to peaceful purposes, which could pose a great danger to human lives and the environment, jeopardize nuclear safety and nuclear security, and raises serious concerns regarding the violation of international law, including the Charter of the United Nations and international humanitarian law. The Conference notes the relevant IAEA General Conference resolutions and decision on this matter and strongly urges all States parties to refrain from attacks or threats of attack on such facilities."
CHANGES:
No substantive changes from Rev 1 to Rev 2.
REV 1: "The Conference reiterates that the urgent implementation of Article VI obligations is essential to the credibility and strengthening of the Treaty, and recalls the numerous multilateral, regional, bilateral and unilateral measures undertaken in this regard."
REV 2: "The Conference deeply regrets the lack of progress in the fulfillment of Article VI obligations, including on negotiations in good faith, and due to the continued existence of nuclear weapons, and the ongoing qualitative improvement of nuclear weapons and the quantitative growth in some nuclear arsenals. The Conference expresses concern at statements and actions that are incompatible with Article VI obligations and the commitments provided at previous Review Conferences."
CHANGES:
REV 1: "The Conference reaffirms States parties' commitment to apply the mutually reinforcing principles of irreversibility, verifiability and transparency and underscores the importance of the nuclear-weapon States' application of these principles in the implementation of their Article VI obligations and nuclear disarmament-related commitments under the Treaty."
REV 2: "The Conference urges the nuclear-weapon States to fully and systematically implement their obligations under Article VI, including through progress in the implementation of commitments made at the 2000 and 2010 Review Conferences, including, inter alia, taking steps to diminish the role and significance of nuclear weapons in all military and security concepts, doctrines and policies. It calls on the nuclear-weapon States to continue pursuing efforts to reduce and ultimately eliminate all types of nuclear weapons, deployed and non-deployed, regardless of their location, including through unilateral, bilateral, regional and multilateral measures."
CHANGES:
REV 1 (Para 50): "The Conference recalls the thirtieth anniversary of the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty, reaffirms the urgency of the entry into force of the CTBT and welcomes the ratifications by Equatorial Guinea, São Tomé and Príncipe, Solomon Islands, Sri Lanka and Papua New Guinea and signature by Somalia to the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty since the tenth Review Conference. The Conference urges all States that have yet to ratify that Treaty to do so without precondition or delay, particularly the nine States listed in its annex 2 and recalls the agreement of, as stipulated in action 10 of the 2010 Action Plan, the special responsibility of nuclear-weapon States to take the lead in this regard."
REV 2 (Para 49): "The Conference recalls the thirtieth anniversary of the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty, reaffirms the urgency of the entry into force of the CTBT and welcomes the ratifications by Equatorial Guinea, São Tomé and Príncipe, Solomon Islands, Sri Lanka and Papua New Guinea and signature by Somalia to the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty since the tenth Review Conference. The Conference urges all States that have yet to ratify that Treaty to do so without precondition or delay, particularly the nine States listed in its annex 2 and recalls the agreement of, as stipulated in action 10 of the 2010 Action Plan, the special responsibility of nuclear-weapon States to take the lead in this regard. The Conference calls on all States to refrain from any actions that are contrary to the object and purposes of the CTBT."
CHANGES:
REV 1 (Para 54): "The Conference calls upon the nuclear-weapon States to maintain their existing moratorium on nuclear-weapon test explosions or any other nuclear explosion of any yield, and urges them to develop and implement new measures to restore confidence in explosive nuclear testing moratoriums."
REV 2 (Para 53): "The Conference calls upon the nuclear-weapon States, to maintain their existing moratorium on nuclear-weapon test explosions or any other nuclear explosion of any yield, and urges them to develop and implement new measures to restore confidence in explosive nuclear testing moratoriums."
CHANGES:
REV 1 (Para 55): "The Conference recalls the strengthening of international peace and security that resulted from the successive arms control treaties between the United States and Russian Federation. The Conference deeply regrets that the Treaty between the United States of America and the Russian Federation on Measures for the Further Reduction and Limitation of Strategic Offensive Arms (New START) expired without a successor arrangement or negotiations thereon. The Conference calls on the nuclear-weapon States to pursue ways to multilateralize future arms control frameworks at an early date, in accordance with Article VI. Such frameworks should include all types of nuclear weapons, including nonstrategic weapons, deployed and nondeployed. Pending the negotiation of such frameworks, the Conference calls upon the United States and the Russian Federation to voluntarily maintain the limitations of the New START Treaty."
REV 2 (Para 54-56): "Para 54: The Conference recalls the strengthening of international peace and security that resulted from the successive arms control treaties between the United States and Russian Federation. The Conference deeply regrets that the Treaty between the United States of America and the Russian Federation on Measures for the Further Reduction and Limitation of Strategic Offensive Arms (New START) expired without a successor arrangement or negotiations thereon.
Para 55: The Conference recognizes the importance of continued engagement by all nuclear-weapon States in the process leading to the total elimination of their nuclear weapons. In this regard, the Conference calls on the nuclear-weapon States to engage, including in dialogue, to ease international tension, promote international peace and stability, enhance confidence and reduce strategic risks, within the next review cycle. The Conference notes that such engagements should facilitate discussion on future arms control frameworks, which could include all types of nuclear weapons, including nonstrategic weapons, deployed and non-deployed, and help accelerate progress towards nuclear disarmament, based on the principle of increased and undiminished security for all.
Para 56: Pending the negotiation of such frameworks, the Conference calls upon the United States and the Russian Federation to voluntarily maintain the limitations of the New START Treaty."
CHANGES:
REV 1 (Para 56): "The Conference recognizes the importance of continued engagement by all nuclear-weapon States in the process leading to the total elimination of their nuclear weapons. In this regard, the Conference calls on the nuclear-weapon States to urgently engage in dialogue to ease international tension, enhance confidence, reduce strategic risks and increase stability within the next review cycle, in line with the principle of increased and undiminished security for all."
REV 2 (Para 55): "The Conference recognizes the importance of continued engagement by all nuclear-weapon States in the process leading to the total elimination of their nuclear weapons. In this regard, the Conference calls on the nuclear-weapon States to engage, including in dialogue, to ease international tension, promote international peace and stability, enhance confidence and reduce strategic risks, within the next review cycle. The Conference notes that such engagements should facilitate discussion on future arms control frameworks, which could include all types of nuclear weapons, including nonstrategic weapons, deployed and non-deployed, and help accelerate progress towards nuclear disarmament, based on the principle of increased and undiminished security for all."
CHANGES:
REV 1 (Para 57): "Pending the total elimination of nuclear weapons, the Conference calls on nuclear-weapon States to make every effort to ensure that nuclear weapons are never used again, including unauthorized, unintentional or accidental use. The Conference recognizes the role non-nuclear weapon States can play in preventing any use of nuclear weapons."
REV 2 (Para 57): "Pending the total elimination of nuclear weapons, the Conference calls on nuclear-weapon States to make every effort to ensure that nuclear weapons are never used again, including unauthorized, unintentional or accidental use. While acknowledging the primary responsibility of the nuclear-weapon States in this regard, the Conference recognizes the role non-nuclear weapon States can play in averting the danger of nuclear war."
CHANGES:
REV 1 (Para 58): "The Conference underscores that the risk of nuclear war will persist as long as nuclear weapons exist and that nuclear risk reduction measures can not substitute for the efforts aimed at the total elimination of nuclear weapons. In the context of the implementation of Article VI, the Conference calls on the nuclear-weapon States to agree to measures necessary to prevent nuclear war and reduce strategic risks and risks of miscalculation, misperception, miscommunication or accident. The Conference suggests that such measures could include but not be limited to: regular dialogue on doctrines and arsenals, enhancing relations with a view to enhance mutual trust and predictability, effective crisis communications, enhanced military-to-military engagement, declarations of restraint, notification and data exchange agreements, non-targeting, maintenance of the lowest feasible levels of alert, procedures to increase the time available for decision-making and to allow for de-escalation of crises, and the reinvigoration of transparency and confidence-building measures, without prejudice to national security."
REV 2 (Para 58): "The Conference underscores that the risk of nuclear war will persist as long as nuclear weapons exist and that nuclear risk reduction measures can not substitute for the efforts aimed at the total elimination of nuclear weapons. In the context of the implementation of Article VI, the Conference calls on the nuclear-weapon States to agree to measures necessary to prevent nuclear war and reduce international tension and strategic risks as well as risks of miscalculation, misperception, miscommunication or accident. The Conference suggests that such measures could include but not be limited to: regular dialogue on doctrines and arsenals, measures to build trust, confidence and predictability, effective crisis communications, enhanced military-to-military engagement, declarations of restraint, notification and data exchange agreements, non-targeting, maintenance of the lowest feasible levels of alert, procedures to increase the time available for decision-making and to allow for de-escalation of crises, and the reinvigoration of transparency and confidence-building measures, without prejudice to national security."
CHANGES:
REV 1 (Para 60): "The Conference notes the concern regarding recent developments with far reaching implications. Pending the total elimination of nuclear weapons, the Conference calls for the effective maintenance at all times of human control and involvement over decisions to employ nuclear weapons, and welcomes nuclear-weapon States' statements made to this effect. It further calls for transparent and evidence-based discussions among States parties to build confidence on this issue. The Conference calls on States parties to engage with a view to agreeing measures that mitigate the risks related to nuclear weapons and emerging technologies, in particular artificial intelligence, such as the entanglement of conventional and strategic forces, and interference in communications and command and control."
REV 2 (Para 59): "Pending the total elimination of nuclear weapons, the Conference calls for the full and effective maintenance at all times of human control and involvement over decisions to employ nuclear weapons, and welcomes nuclear-weapon States' statements made to this effect. It further calls for transparent and evidence-based discussions among States parties with a view to agreeing measures that mitigate the risks related to nuclear weapons and emerging technologies, in particular artificial intelligence, and maximize the potential benefits of emerging technologies to the disarmament and non-proliferation regime."
CHANGES:
REV 1 (Para 61): "The Conference reaffirms that, pending the total elimination of nuclear weapons, it is the legitimate interest of all non-nuclear-weapon States parties to receive effective, universal, unconditional, non-discriminatory and irrevocable legally binding security assurances by all five nuclear-weapon States against the use or threat of use of nuclear weapons under all circumstances."
REV 2 (Para 60): "The Conference reaffirms that, pending the total elimination of nuclear weapons, it is the legitimate interest of all non-nuclear-weapon States parties to receive unequivocal and legally binding security assurances by nuclear-weapon States against the use or threat of use of nuclear weapons."
CHANGES:
REV 1 (Para 62): "The Conference calls on the Conference on Disarmament to establish a subsidiary body to formulate recommendations on all aspects of the issue of assuring non-nuclear-weapon States against the use or threat of use of nuclear weapons, including the possibility of an international legally binding agreement."
REV 2 (Para 61): "The Conference calls for the early formulation of recommendations on all aspects of the issue of assuring non-nuclear-weapon States against the use or threat of use of nuclear weapons, including the possibility of an international legally binding agreement."
CHANGES:
REV 1 (Para 63): "The Conference recognizes the extensive legal requirements on non-nuclear-weapon States to report and be subject to verification in fulfilment of their non-proliferation obligations and the need for reporting requirements on the implementation of disarmament commitments."
REV 2 (Para 62): "The Conference recognizes the extensive legal requirements on non-nuclear-weapon States to report and be subject to verification in fulfilment of their non-proliferation obligations and the need for reporting by nuclear-weapon States on the implementation of their disarmament commitments."
CHANGES:
REV 1 (Para 66): "The Conference recalls the growing calls for assistance to the people and communities affected by nuclear weapons use and testing and the need for environmental remediation following nuclear weapons use and testing. It calls on States parties to engage or further engage with such efforts. The Conference recalls General Assembly resolution 78/240 entitled 'Addressing the legacy of nuclear weapons: providing victim assistance and environmental remediation to Member States affected by the use or testing of nuclear weapons'."
REV 2 (Para 65): "The Conference recalls the growing calls for assistance to the people and communities affected by nuclear weapons use and testing and the need for environmental remediation following nuclear weapons use and testing. It calls on States parties to engage or further engage with such efforts."
CHANGES:
REV 1 (Para 70): "The Conference reaffirms that nuclear materials designated by each of the nuclear-weapon States as no longer required for military purposes should as soon as practicable be placed under IAEA or other relevant verification. Pending the negotiation on a treaty banning the production of fissile material for nuclear weapons and other nuclear explosive devices, the Conference calls on the nuclear-weapon States to maintain or declare moratoriums on the production of fissile material for nuclear weapons and other nuclear explosive devices."
REV 2 (Para 69): "The Conference reaffirms that nuclear materials designated by each of the nuclear-weapon States as no longer required for military purposes should as soon as practicable be placed under IAEA or other relevant verification."
CHANGES:
The entire Article VII section undergoes significant restructuring in Rev 2. Key changes:
REV 2 (Para 73): "The Conference reaffirms its support for internationally recognized nuclear-weapon-free zones that are established on the basis of arrangements freely arrived at among the States of the region concerned, consistent with the principles and guidelines of the United Nations Disarmament Commission for the establishment of a nuclear-weapon-free zone."
CHANGES:
REV 2 (Para 74): "The Conference reaffirms its conviction that the further establishment of internationally recognized nuclear-weapon-free zones on such a basis enhances global and regional peace and security, strengthens the nuclear non-proliferation regime and contributes to realizing the objectives of nuclear disarmament."
CHANGES:
REV 2 (Para 75): "The Conference further underscores the continuing significant contributions towards attaining these objectives by the Treaty for the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons in Latin America and the Caribbean (Treaty of Tlatelolco), the South Pacific Nuclear Free Zone Treaty (Treaty of Rarotonga), the Treaty on the Southeast Asia Nuclear Weapon-Free Zone (Bangkok Treaty), the African Nuclear-Weapon-Free Zone Treaty (Pelindaba Treaty), and the Treaty on a Nuclear-Weapon-Free Zone in Central Asia (Treaty of Semipalatinsk), as well as the nuclear-weapon-free status of Mongolia and the Antarctic Treaty. The Conference supports efforts of States parties to enhance the cooperation between the nuclear-weapon free zones."
CHANGES:
REV 2 (Para 76): "The Conference welcomes the vigorous efforts being made among States Parties and signatories to those treaties in order to promote their common objectives, including through bringing into effect the security assurances provided by the relevant protocols to the nuclear weapon-free zone treaties, and enhance the institutionalization, cooperation and consultations among the existing nuclear-weapon-free zones. In this connection, the Conference calls for the ratification and accession by nuclear-weapon States of the relevant protocols to nuclear-weapon-free zone treaties without delay and encourages the nuclear-weapon States to review any reservations or interpretative statements made in connection with ratification of such protocols and to engage in dialogue in this regard with members of the zones."
CHANGES:
REV 1 (Para 77): "The Conference underlines the importance of the establishment of nuclear-weapon-free zones where they do not yet exist, especially in the Middle East, on the basis of arrangements freely arrived at among the States of the region s concerned and consistent with the principles and guidelines of the United Nations Disarmament Commission."
REV 2 (Para 77): "The Conference underlines the importance of the establishment of nuclear-weapon-free zones where they do not yet exist, especially in the Middle East, consistent with the principles and guidelines of the United Nations Disarmament Commission."
CHANGES:
No significant changes from Rev 1 to Rev 2.
REV 1: "The Conference reaffirms its support for internationally recognized the nuclear-weapon-free zone that are established consistent with the principles and guidelines of the United Nations Disarmament Commission, and encourages all States in the region to take relevant steps and confidence-building measures to contribute to the realization of the objectives of the 1995 Resolution on the Middle East."
REV 2: "The Conference reaffirms its support for internationally recognized the nuclear-weapon-free zone that are established consistent with the principles and guidelines of the United Nations Disarmament Commission, and encourages all States in the region to take relevant steps and confidence-building measures to contribute to the realization of the objectives of the 1995 Resolution on the Middle East."
CHANGES:
Rev 2 reorganizes this section significantly.
No significant changes.
No substantive changes from Rev 1 to Rev 2.
No substantive changes.
Remains substantially same as Rev 1.
REV 1: "The Conference recalls the various proposals made to strengthen implementation of the Treaty through dedicated substantive engagements on national implementation reports."
REV 2: "The Conference recalls the various proposals made to strengthen implementation of the Treaty through dedicated substantive engagements on national implementation reports."
CHANGES:
REV 1: "In furtherance of actions 5, 20 and 21 of the 64-point Action Plan of 2010, inter alia, the Conference welcomes the commitment by all nuclear-weapon States to present their national reports for consideration starting from the next review cycle, and engage in in-person, interactive discussion and exchange of views on those reports with all States Parties. Such dialogue will address their implementation of all obligations and commitments under the Treaty, with a particular focus on the implementation of Article VI while ensuring balanced consideration of all three pillars."
REV 2: "In furtherance of actions 5, 20 and 21 of the 64-point Action Plan of 2010, inter alia, the Conference welcomes the commitment by all nuclear-weapon States to present their national reports for consideration starting from the next review cycle, and engage in in-person, interactive discussion and exchange of views on those reports with all States Parties. Such dialogue will address their implementation of all obligations and commitments under the Treaty, with a particular focus on the implementation of Article VI while ensuring balanced consideration of all three pillars."
CHANGES:
No significant changes from Rev 1.
Overall Direction: Rev 2 shows a pattern of:
The document appears to be moving toward consensus-building language while maintaining core commitments, particularly evident in security assurances, emerging technology discussion, and institutional mechanisms language.